USA
United States (English: United States of America, are a constitutional federal republic composed of fifty states and one federal district. Most of the country is located in central North America, consisting of 48 states and Washington, DC, the federal district of the capital. Located between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and south Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, bordered by Canada on the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the Pacific. The country also has several other territories in the Caribbean and the Pacific.With 9.37 million square kilometers in area and about 309 million inhabitants, the United States is the fourth largest country by total area, the fifth largest continuous area and the third in population. The country is one of the nation's most multicultural and ethnically diverse in the world, a product of strong immigration from many countries. [7] The U.S. economy is the largest economy in the world with a gross domestic product in 2008 was 14 , 2 trillion dollars, which was equivalent to a quarter of world nominal GDP and a fifth of global GDP by purchasing power parity). [8] [note 1]Indigenous peoples, probably of Asian origin, inhabiting what is now the territory of the United States for many thousands of years. This Native American population was greatly reduced after contact with Europeans through disease and war. The United States was founded by thirteen colonies of the British Empire located along the Atlantic coast of the country. On July 4, 1776, was issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their right to self-determination and the creation of a cooperative union. The rebellious states defeated Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first colonial war of Contemporary successful. [9] The Philadelphia Convention adopted the current United States Constitution on September 17, 1787, its ratification the following year became states part of a single republic with a strong central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.In the nineteenth century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, United Kingdom, Mexico and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North of the country on the rights of states and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War, which took place between 1861 and 1865. The North's victory prevented the separation of the country and led to the end of legal slavery in the United States. In the 1870s, the economy has become the world's largest. [10] The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a military power. The nation emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons and as a permanent member of the Security Council of the United Nations. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union left the United States as the only remaining superpower on the planet. The country accounts for two fifths of global military spending and a strong leading economic, political and cultural world.
England
England is one of the constituent nations of the UK. Historically dominant, occupies the southern half of the island of Great Britain, except for an area to the west, corresponding to Wales. It limits the north with Scotland, the East with the North Sea, south to the Channel and west by the Atlantic Ocean, Wales and the Irish Sea. Its capital is London. It has an area of 130,439 km square and a population of 49 million inhabitants.
The area is now called England was occupied by people of various cultures for about 35,000 years, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled there between the fifth and sixth centuries. England became a unified state in 927 AD, and since the Age of Discovery, which began in the fifteenth century, had a significant impact on cultural and legal worldwide. The English language, the Anglican Church and the parliamentary system has been adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution originated in England in the eighteenth century, becoming the first industrialized country, and the Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
The Kingdom of England, which after 1284 included Wales, was a sovereign state until 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union have implemented the conditions laid down in the Treaty on the previous year, resulting in a political union with the United Scotland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain. In 1800, Britain joined with Ireland through another law of the Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State was established as a separate domain, and later, Northern Ireland was incorporated in the UK, creating the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The area is now called England was occupied by people of various cultures for about 35,000 years, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled there between the fifth and sixth centuries. England became a unified state in 927 AD, and since the Age of Discovery, which began in the fifteenth century, had a significant impact on cultural and legal worldwide. The English language, the Anglican Church and the parliamentary system has been adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution originated in England in the eighteenth century, becoming the first industrialized country, and the Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
The Kingdom of England, which after 1284 included Wales, was a sovereign state until 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union have implemented the conditions laid down in the Treaty on the previous year, resulting in a political union with the United Scotland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain. In 1800, Britain joined with Ireland through another law of the Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State was established as a separate domain, and later, Northern Ireland was incorporated in the UK, creating the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Italy
Italy (Italian: Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica Italiana), is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on two islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares its northern Alpine border with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. The independent states of San Marino and Vatican City are enclaves within the Italian peninsula and the Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland.The land known today as Italy was the cradle of many cultures and peoples of Europe, as the Etruscans and Romans. The capital of Italy, Rome was for centuries the center of Western civilization. Later, it became the cradle of the Renaissance and also played an important role in the development of modern science and astronomy, especially the heliocentric and the University Opera. During the Middle Ages, Italy was divided into several kingdoms and city-states (as the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the duchy of Milan), but it was unified in 1861, [3] a period of history known as the "Risorgimento". From the late nineteenth century until the Second World War, Italy was a colonial empire, which extended its rule Libya, Eritrea, Italian Somaliland, Ethiopia, Albania, Rhodes, Dodecanese and a concession in Tianjin, China.The Modern Italy is a democratic republic and a developed country with the eighth best ranking in the index quality of life. The country enjoys a high standard of living, being the 18th most developed country in the world. is a founding member of what is now the European Union, having signed the Treaty of Rome in 1957, and is also a founding member of the Organization of the North Atlantic Treaty (NATO). He is a member of the G8 and G20 (with the seventh largest economy in nominal GDP), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the World Trade Organization (WTO), Council of Europe, the Western European Union and Central European Initiative. Italy is a member state of the Schengen Agreement. The country has the eighth largest military budget in the world and is one of the nations that share nuclear weapons with NATO.Italy, especially Rome, has a prominent role at European and world cultural affairs, diplomatic and military have a major impact on global politics and culture, hosting world organizations as the United Nations Food and Agriculture, International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Global Forum, World Food Programme (WFP) and the NATO Defense College. The influence of political, economic, social and military of the country in Europe has made it an important regional power, alongside the UK, France, Germany and Russia. country has a public education of high-level work force high, index charity high in addition to being a globalized country. Italy also has the 18th lifespan highest in the world, ahead of countries like Norway and Austria. Spain
Spain (Castilian and Galician España, Espanya in Catalan and Valencian, Basque and Espainia Aranese Spain), officially Kingdom of Spain is a country located in southern Europe, the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea, except for a small border with a British overseas territory of Gibraltar, to the north by France, Andorra and the Bay of Biscay and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal. The Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean near the African coast and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, bordering Morocco. With an area of 504,030 km ², Spain is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France. Due to its location, the territory of Spain was subject to many external influences, often simultaneously, from prehistoric times up when Spain became a country. On the other hand, the country itself was an important source of influence to other regions, especially during the modern era when he became a world empire that left behind more than 400 million Spanish speakers around the world. Spain is a democracy organized in the form of a parliamentary government under a constitutional monarchy. It is a developed country with the ninth nominal GDP higher than the world and high standard of living (Spain has the 20th best HDI in the world). [3] is a member of the United Nations, European Union, NATO, OECD and WTO. Argentina
Argentina, officially Argentine Republic (Spanish: República Argentina, IPA: [repuβlika arxentina]), is the second largest country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and one autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth largest country in land area and higher among Spanish-speaking countries, although Mexico, Colombia and Spain are more populous.
The continental area of Argentina is among the Andes Mountains to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. It is bordered by Paraguay and Bolivia to the north, northeast Brazil and Uruguay and Chile to the west and south. Argentina claims part of Antarctica, overlapping claims by Chile and the United Kingdom Antarctic continent, even after all claims having been made suspended by the Antarctic Treaty of 1961. The country still claims the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands, which are administered by the United Kingdom and British overseas territories.
An average power recognized [5] Argentina is one of the largest economies in South America, [6] with a high ranking in the Human Development Index. [7] In Latin America, Argentina has the fifth highest GDP per capita (nominal) and the highest GDP per capita in purchasing power parity. [8] analysts [9] argue that the country has a basis "for future growth due to the size of your market, levels of foreign direct investment and the percentage of exports High technology as part of total manufactured goods "and is rated by investors as an emerging economy. Argentina is a founding member of the United Nations, Mercosur, the Union of South American Nations and the World Trade Organization and remains one of the G20.
The continental area of Argentina is among the Andes Mountains to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. It is bordered by Paraguay and Bolivia to the north, northeast Brazil and Uruguay and Chile to the west and south. Argentina claims part of Antarctica, overlapping claims by Chile and the United Kingdom Antarctic continent, even after all claims having been made suspended by the Antarctic Treaty of 1961. The country still claims the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands, which are administered by the United Kingdom and British overseas territories.
An average power recognized [5] Argentina is one of the largest economies in South America, [6] with a high ranking in the Human Development Index. [7] In Latin America, Argentina has the fifth highest GDP per capita (nominal) and the highest GDP per capita in purchasing power parity. [8] analysts [9] argue that the country has a basis "for future growth due to the size of your market, levels of foreign direct investment and the percentage of exports High technology as part of total manufactured goods "and is rated by investors as an emerging economy. Argentina is a founding member of the United Nations, Mercosur, the Union of South American Nations and the World Trade Organization and remains one of the G20.
Brasil
BrazilFederative Republic of BrazilBrazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest in land area (equivalent to 47% of South American territory) and population, with more than 190 million people. is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the Lusophone world's largest country, in addition to being one of the nation's most multicultural and ethnically diverse on the planet, due to strong immigration from many countries.Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Brazil has a coastline of over 7491 km. It is bordered to the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas department of French Guiana to the northwest by Colombia, the west by Bolivia and Peru, the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and Uruguay to the south. Several islands are part of the Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Saint Paul and Trindade and Martim Vaz. The country shares borders with all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile.Brazil was discovered in 1500 by an expedition led by Portuguese explorer Pedro Alvares Cabral. From there it becomes a colony of the Portuguese overseas empire. In 1815 he became a united kingdom with Portugal. The colonial relationship was, in fact, broken in 1808 when the capital of the kingdom was moved from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, after Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Portugal. The independence of Brazil was in 1822. Initially independent as the Empire of Brazil, during which he was a parliamentary constitutional monarchy, the country became a republic in 1889, with a Republican military coup, although the bicameral legislature, now called the National Congress, goes back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824. Its current constitution, formulated in 1988, defines Brazil as a federal presidential republic. The Federation is formed by the Federal District, the 26 states and 5,564 municipalities.
The Brazilian economy is the largest in Latin America, the eighth largest in the world by nominal GDP and the seventh largest by purchasing power parity. Brazil is one of the major economies with the fastest economic growth in the world and economic reforms have given the country new international recognition, either regionally or globally. The country is a founding member of the United Nations, G20, CPLP, the Latin Union, the Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero- American, Mercosur and the Union of South American Nations, and is one of the BRIC countries. Brazil is also home to a diversity of wildlife, natural environments and natural resources in a vast variety of protected habitats.
The Brazilian economy is the largest in Latin America, the eighth largest in the world by nominal GDP and the seventh largest by purchasing power parity. Brazil is one of the major economies with the fastest economic growth in the world and economic reforms have given the country new international recognition, either regionally or globally. The country is a founding member of the United Nations, G20, CPLP, the Latin Union, the Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero- American, Mercosur and the Union of South American Nations, and is one of the BRIC countries. Brazil is also home to a diversity of wildlife, natural environments and natural resources in a vast variety of protected habitats.
